高中英语读写一体化教程 初阶

点评：干货较多，很喜欢！ 序言 ◆ 主要是培养学生写好语篇中的主题句、过渡句和结尾句。 第二章 长句升级 ◆ 2025/04/17发表想法 语篇衔接的手段 原文：二）语篇衔接的其他手段 其实，只要作文的上下句之间存在逻辑关系，就需要用到表逻辑关系的词。除了并列连词，这类逻辑词也可能是副词、介词短语等。 以下是常用的此类逻辑词或表达： 平行关系 连词：and, not only… but also… 副词：similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the meanwhile 转折关系 连词：but, yet, while, whereas 副词：however, nevertheless, on the contrary, conversely, unexpectedly, unfortunately, by contrast 选择关系 连词：or, whether… or… 副词：alternatively 因果关系 连词：for, so 副词：therefore, thus, consequently, as a result 递进关系副词：then, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition ◆ 二）语篇衔接的其他手段其实，只要作文的上下句之间存在逻辑关系，就需要用到表逻辑关系的词。除了并列连词，这类逻辑词也可能是副词、介词短语等。以下是常用的此类逻辑词或表达：平行关系连词：and, not only… but also…副词：similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the meanwhile转折关系连词：but, yet, while, whereas副词：however, nevertheless, on the contrary, conversely, unexpectedly, unfortunately, by contrast选择关系连词：or, whether… or…副词：alternatively因果关系连词：for, so副词：therefore, thus, consequently, as a result递进关系副词：then, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition ◆ 副词、介词短语不能连接两个句子，所以前一个句子应用句号，但仍能表达前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。副词、介词短语和连词的区别在于，连词前要么是逗号，要么没有标点符号；副词、介词短语前一定是句号。 ◆ （因果关系，介词短语；平行关系，介词短语；递进，副词） ◆ 拓展练习1.在下面文段中的适当位置加入合适的并列连词、逻辑词或表达，使其更加流畅。 第二节 复合句 ◆ 2025/04/17发表想法 这本书最大的好处是题型例子丰富多样，质量高，上课可以直接用！ 原文：拓展练习 1.判断下列从句属于哪一类名词性从句。 1)She said that the book was based on a true story.( ) 2)That he won first prize delighted me.( ◆ 拓展练习1.判断下列从句属于哪一类名词性从句。1)She said that the book was based on a true story.( )2)That he won first prize delighted me.( 第三章 连句成段 ◆ 主题句(topic sentence)是用来表达文章的中心思想或段落大意的句子，是篇章的灵魂。主题句是对文章主题思想加以阐述、说明或论证，是语义层层扩展、步步深入的核心。 ◆ 主题句传达段落的中心思想。在英语写作中，主题句符合英语开门见山、直截了当的思维习惯和表达方式。主题句对一个段落的发展和组织起着指导和制约作用，对英语学习者在写作思维方面具有模塑作用，使其更加清晰和有条理地组织语言、表达观点。 ◆ 二　主题句的特点主题句的内容特点是完整、清楚、具体。我们在写主题句的时候，要避免主题句不完整(incomplete)、不清楚(unclear)或过于笼统(general)。假如作文题目是The Advantage ofTravel, 试比较以下几组主题句，选出最符合此话题的主题句。 ◆ （二）主题句在段尾主题句在段尾可以加强语气、营造氛围和产生悬念，给读者留下深刻的印象。 ◆ 2025/04/17发表想法 主题句的写作类型 原文：四　主题句的写作方法 好的主题句能吸引读者开始阅读，并且能够让读者继续往下阅读。为了达到吸引读者往下阅读和点明文章主题的目的，在写主题句的时候，我们可以采用以下几种写作方法： （一）开门见山式 开门见山，即用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使读者开篇就能了解文章的主要内容。 典句引领 Smoking is harmful to people's health. A recent UN survey shows that 95 percent of lung cancer patients were smokers, and it was smoking that caused them to suffer from the deadly disease. As we all know, people who do not smoke often suffer from the polluted air caused by smokers. That is why they are often called passive smokers, of whom, the biggest sufferers are the relatives and friends of the smokers. 这一段围绕“吸烟有害健康”这个主题，首先通过调查数据直接有力地表明了吸烟对人们健康的危害，随后以as we all know这个过渡词组引出被动吸烟者也深受吸烟危害这个概念，最后指出吸烟者的亲戚朋友是最大的受害者，让人们更加警醒于吸烟的危害。 即学即练3 写出主题句。 1)___________She(Mrs. Li)often helps her students with their studies, and her class is usually lively and interesting. Not only does she teach them lessons but also she helps them to gain the ability to learn the lessons. In addition, she also puts great value on the student's extra-curricular activities, which, of course, will serve them well in the future. 2)___________People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. （二）引用名言式 引用名人名言可以使文章更有说服力，增加文章的文采。但是选择正确的名言对于学生来说并不是那么简单，需要学生平时的大量阅读和积累，以及对文章和名言内容的精确理解和合理运用。 ◆ 四　主题句的写作方法好的主题句能吸引读者开始阅读，并且能够让读者继续往下阅读。为了达到吸引读者往下阅读和点明文章主题的目的，在写主题句的时候，我们可以采用以下几种写作方法：（一）开门见山式开门见山，即用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使读者开篇就能了解文章的主要内容。典句引领Smoking is harmful to people's health. A recent UN survey shows that 95 percent of lung cancer patients were smokers, and it was smoking that caused them to suffer from the deadly disease. As we all know, people who do not smoke often suffer from the polluted air caused by smokers. That is why they are often called passive smokers, of whom, the biggest sufferers are the relatives and friends of the smokers.这一段围绕“吸烟有害健康”这个主题，首先通过调查数据直接有力地表明了吸烟对人们健康的危害，随后以as we all know这个过渡词组引出被动吸烟者也深受吸烟危害这个概念，最后指出吸烟者的亲戚朋友是最大的受害者，让人们更加警醒于吸烟的危害。即学即练3写出主题句。1)___________She(Mrs. Li)often helps her students with their studies, and her class is usually lively and interesting. Not only does she teach them lessons but also she helps them to gain the ability to learn the lessons. In addition, she also puts great value on the student's extra-curricular activities, which, of course, will serve them well in the future.2)___________People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.（二）引用名言式引用名人名言可以使文章更有说服力，增加文章的文采。但是选择正确的名言对于学生来说并不是那么简单，需要学生平时的大量阅读和积累，以及对文章和名言内容的精确理解和合理运用。 ◆ 2025/04/17发表想法 主题句的类型 原文：start saving up for our future. It was then I realized that_______. 2)________If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don't even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you'll find it really rewarding. （三）一问一答式 以问题的形式开头可以激发读者的阅读兴趣，引发读者的思考，自然地引出文章的主题。通常对问题的回答就是主题句。 典句引领 What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe that the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, even on TV and the radio, you will hear differences in the way people speak. 本段在一开始就提出问题：“什么是标准英语？标准英语通常在哪些地方使用？”而“Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.”这个句子刚好回答了段首的问题。后面的内容对这个句子进行补充说明，所以这个句子就是段落的主题句。 即学即练5 写出主题句。 Did you know that about 55%of communication is nonverbal? _______I find that the key to a successful conversation in a foreign language(in any language I should say)is to speak to people not only in their spoken language but also with the body language they know best. （四）转折对比式（反面观点式） 以某一个观点和相关细节开头，随后通过转折或对比突出主题。 典句引领 Festivals are celebrated around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. 这段话前面讲了节日庆祝的原因多种多样，后面强调尽管原因很多，但是节日背后传达的精神是相同的。最后一句中的however表明了句子的重心在此，这一句是本段的主题句。 即学即练6 写出主题句。 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence._______For example, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all have their different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! （五）归纳总结式 段落采用由细节到归纳的方式展开，即表述具体细节的句子在前，概述总结性的句子在后。主题句通常位于段尾，前面的句子为支撑句。段落的结构为：“支撑句+主题句”。 ◆ start saving up for our future. It was then I realized that_______.2)________If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don't even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you'll find it really rewarding.（三）一问一答式以问题的形式开头可以激发读者的阅读兴趣，引发读者的思考，自然地引出文章的主题。通常对问题的回答就是主题句。典句引领What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe that the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, even on TV and the radio, you will hear differences in the way people speak.本段在一开始就提出问题：“什么是标准英语？标准英语通常在哪些地方使用？”而“Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.”这个句子刚好回答了段首的问题。后面的内容对这个句子进行补充说明，所以这个句子就是段落的主题句。即学即练5写出主题句。Did you know that about 55%of communication is nonverbal? _______I find that the key to a successful conversation in a foreign language(in any language I should say)is to speak to people not only in their spoken language but also with the body language they know best.（四）转折对比式（反面观点式）以某一个观点和相关细节开头，随后通过转折或对比突出主题。典句引领Festivals are celebrated around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.这段话前面讲了节日庆祝的原因多种多样，后面强调尽管原因很多，但是节日背后传达的精神是相同的。最后一句中的however表明了句子的重心在此，这一句是本段的主题句。即学即练6写出主题句。The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence._______For example, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all have their different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!（五）归纳总结式段落采用由细节到归纳的方式展开，即表述具体细节的句子在前，概述总结性的句子在后。主题句通常位于段尾，前面的句子为支撑句。段落的结构为：“支撑句+主题句”。 第二节 过渡句 ◆ 第二节　过渡句一篇好作文不仅应该内容丰富、情节合理，而且应该结构清晰、富有逻辑性。过渡句承上启下，使作文内容衔接自然、表达流畅、意义连贯，是一篇好作文不可或缺的重要因素。 ◆ 过渡句的概念 ◆ 承接或总结上文，开启、引起或提示下文。 ◆ 过渡句①顺利地用简的身体虚弱反衬出她的努力挣扎求助。过渡句②自然地引出了简一系列动作的意图。过渡词③从情感上进行了转折，预示着苦尽甘来。过渡词④表示故事场景的转换。过渡词⑤是并列逻辑词，表明前后句之间的关系。 ◆ 过渡句在上下文中起桥梁和接榫作用，使行文自然、语气连贯、脉络清晰、结构严谨，有助于表现主题思想。如果缺乏合理过渡，文章的意义表达就会不清晰，造成读者思路的混乱。 ◆ 三　过渡句的类型（一）并列递进类通过递进的方式，将同类型的多个事物按先后顺序来呈现，凸显其特点、共性、差异和联系。 ◆ 转折让步类 ◆ 因果关系 ◆ 时间过渡类 ◆ 比较对比类 ◆ 解释举例类 ◆ ）总结概括类 ◆ 过渡