易燃物匯聚 YouTube 有聲書與書評
瓦爾登湖:Walden(英文版) 封面

瓦爾登湖:Walden(英文版)

H.D.梭羅

3.9萬人在讀
70.1萬字總字數
¥4.5定價

有聲書與視頻解讀 YouTube有聲書 76 · 視頻解讀 14

內容簡介

美國作家梭羅獨居瓦爾登湖畔的記錄,描繪了他兩年多時間裏的所見、所聞和所思。這部著作區別於先前文學作品的第一個特徵,是其對自然鉅細靡遺的描摹和引申。大至四季交替造成的景色變化,小到兩隻螞蟻的爭鬥,無不栩栩如生地再現於梭羅的生花妙筆之下,並且描寫也不流於表淺,而是有着博物學家的精確。作者無微不至地描述兩年多的湖畔獨居生活,目的在於通過這次親力親爲的實驗向讀者證明:其實不需要很多錢,也能夠好好地活着,而且能夠快快樂樂地活着。

讀者書評

★★★★★

每月一本英語書② 沒有社交軟件,沒有電子產品,沒有工業器械,日出而作、日落而息,最近的鄰居離你也有至少一英里,這樣無聊的孤獨生活你能忍受多久? 1845年7月的一天,梭羅走進叢林,來到瓦爾登湖畔,自己蓋起了一棟小木屋,開啓了這項生活「試驗」。他幾乎不與外界聯繫,自己一人耕種、閱讀、散步、思考、寫作。他發現自己的一畝三分地收穫的糧食足夠生活,與自然的聯繫讓他進一步思考生活的本質,也認識了自己。沒有孤獨,因爲他在與自己對話,而他也鼓勵每一位讀者與自己對話。 與陶淵明一樣,他厭惡當下的社會發展而避世,某一瞬間他肯定也能感受到「採菊東籬下,悠然見南山」的內心恬靜之感;與陶淵明不同,他沒有太多的社會身份——丈夫或父親——他只需要對自己負責,所以他有更充裕的條件來認識自己。他計算極簡生活所需的最低成本,他靜靜旁觀兩隻螞蟻的戰爭,他聆聽森林的鳥叫蟲鳴、風聲雨聲下雪聲,他觀賞瓦爾登湖的四季輪換,他從萍水相逢的路人身上學習,他步行幾英里不是去拜訪哪位學者而只是爲了見一棵樹…… 和平社會下,人們最大的敵人是自己,畫地爲牢、自作自受;人們最好的朋友也應該是自己,傾聽、拷問、對談,唯有拋開華麗的外在方能直抵純粹的本質。正如書中所說: "Direct your eye right inward, and you'll find A thousand regions in your mind Yet undiscovered. Travel them, and be Expert in home-cosmography."

★★★★★

雖然網上測得自己的英語詞彙量有三萬,但仍不能完全讀透此書,當然主要不是因爲其中的動植物類名詞影響理解,而是作者的行文方式和句中與句子之間的涵義了。就不明白爲啥翻譯這個書的人都那麼自信?也不明白爲啥竟出了四五十個不同的譯本?

★★★★★

久仰瓦爾登湖的大名,最近纔看完了這本書。作爲一個66%的i人,深深被“採菊東籬下,悠然見南山”一般的生活所吸引。梭羅說“I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”這句話甚至應該貼在所有i人的牀頭,與所有i人產生深深共鳴。 與自然作伴是現在都市人的健康需求也是精神追求。“In such a day, in September or October, Walden is a perfect forest mirror, set round with stones as precious to my eye as if fewer or rarer. ”

★★★★★

Confucius said, "To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge."

★★★★★

The summer, in some climates, makes possible to man a sort of Elysian life. Fuel, except to cook his Food, is then unnecessary; the sun is his fire, and many of the fruits are sufficiently cooked by its rays; while Food generally is more various, and more easily obtained, and Clothing and Shelter are wholly or half unnecessary. 夏天的能量和衣物所取比較少。水果也可果腹,也不需要火堆,太陽足夠了。

★★★★★

新年伊始,翻看瓦爾登湖,讀了一個多小時,讀了十幾頁,讓人感覺內心逐漸慢了下來,彷彿在攀登一座大山,走的很慢,但沿途的風景印入眼簾,淡淡的歡喜一點點鋪展開來,爲何歡喜,因爲內心被打開,內在和大自然彼此之間相互聯通,能讓人全身心的放鬆。慢是生活的一種調節方式,是對現代快節奏生活的一種有效補充,是一種平衡。

★★★★★

讀梭羅時,我更願意轉述,而不是解釋。解釋像隔着一層紗布,削弱了鋒芒,而轉述則讓人直接面對震撼。 “人在絕望之中默默過日子。”梭羅說。所謂“聽天由命”,其實是一種深埋在骨子裏的絕望。人們習慣順從社會的節奏,埋首於瑣碎與奔忙,卻少有人追問:這一切究竟爲了什麼?蘇格拉底提醒我們:不經審視的生活不值得過(ο δέ ανεξέταστος βίος ου βιωτός ανθρώπω)。梭羅把這句話落在最日常的層面:蓋房、種豆、汲水、取柴。 他最爲人知的,是離羣索居。人類是羣居的動物,而他卻背離羣居。這不是厭世,而是拒絕把生命交付給社會的強迫與慣性。他要追問:一個人,剝離社會的保護與規訓,是否還能獨立活下去? 在瓦爾登湖畔,他與自然建立起親密的聯繫。湖水、鳥鳴、林木、雪跡,都成了心靈的鏡子。清晨第一縷陽光落在湖面,他覺得生命重新開始;寂靜的冬日裏,他聽見冰層下水的低語;春天湖水解凍,他感到萬物更新。自然以無言的方式告訴他:生命自有節奏,不需人力強加。 梭羅的力量,也來自他與“時間”的獨特關係。古典文本的拉丁文與希臘文,將他的眼光牽引到歷史深處。他用時間這條軸線,解剖人類自以爲重要的事物。他寫道: “時間只是可供我垂釣的小溪流。我飲用溪水時,看見淺淺的溪底。溪水悄悄流去,而永恆長存。” 在這樣的視野下,世俗的成功失去了重量。他沒有追逐所謂成就,而是去“挖時間的礦”,尋找歷史沉澱的遺產。 我們可以通過無數個簡單的測試來衡量我們的生活。他的實驗是:簡化生活。 一間花費二十八美元的小木屋,種豆、捕魚、劈柴,證明生活的成本遠比社會宣稱的低。他寫道: “我們的生活被細節磨損。簡化,簡化。” 像頑童一樣,他不斷拆開層層疊疊的規則,追問:爲什麼要?要了又怎樣?邏輯原是人的工具,卻常常反過來困住人,使我們耗盡精力於侷促的細節。梭羅的回答是:許多所謂“必需”,其實都可以拿掉。 於是,他簡化了房屋、衣物、飲食、積蓄,甚至連時間。他不用鬧鐘,只讓自己自然清醒。在他看來,現代人對時間的精確癡迷,不過是新的枷鎖。 離羣索居必然伴隨孤獨。但梭羅把孤獨轉化爲自由。他說,即便在林中,也不覺寂寞,因爲自然從不缺席:鳥鳴、風聲、湖水漣漪,都是陪伴。孤獨讓他聽見更深的聲音——內心的聲音。這種孤獨賦予他一種自由:不必迎合、不必解釋、不必參與世俗的競賽。他證明:人並非一定要依賴社會機器,才能活下去。 對社會,他的結論鋒利: “人沒有改變世界的義務,而人擁有不合作的權利。” 在《論公民的不服從》中,他更指出:當法律不公義時,個體沒有順從的義務,即便代價是孤立、貧困或入獄。瓦爾登湖畔的生活,正是這種思想的實驗:以個人的獨立存在,質問社會的必要性。 因此,讀《瓦爾登湖》時,我們不必把它當作生活指南,而更應把它視爲一面鏡子。梭羅提醒我們:生活可以更簡單,而簡單本身就是一種力量。 越是被時間與事務追趕,我們越需要這樣的提醒:許多東西其實並非必需。一旦敢於放下,就會發現自己依然能夠生活,甚至更加自由。 美,本身並不需要“賦魅”。正如“猿吟鶴唳本無意,不知下有行人行。”事物的美,在於它天然如此。真正的美好,如雨露、陽光、雪山,它們的存在本身已足夠,不必雕飾,只待人去親近與踐行。 同樣,一個人若真正美好,並非因爲他刻意營造形象,而在於他能在自身的缺陷中看見“天使”,並不斷雕琢,直到它獲得自由。勇氣、智慧、真誠、謙卑、開放、合作與持續學習,這些品質就潛藏在其中,是無需外人賦予的光輝。 莊子說:“嗜慾者,天機淺。”當我們去僞存真,自由的芬芳便會從心靈的縫隙間溢出。愛、真誠、智慧與勇氣,本來就如如不動。它們會告訴我們什麼纔是真正重要的,指引我們去尋找屬於自己的答案,過屬於自己的生活。

★★★★★

"Walden" by Henry David Thoreau is a literary masterpiece that has stood the test of time. Published in 1854, the book is a reflection of Thoreau's two-year experience of living in a cabin near Walden Pond in Massachusetts. It is a powerful account of the author's attempt to live a simpler, more meaningful life, and his observations and musings on nature, society, and the human condition. Thoreau's writing is both poetic and philosophical, and his observations of nature are stunningly beautiful. He encourages the reader to slow down, observe the world around them, and find beauty in the simple things in life. His descriptions of the changing seasons, the flora and fauna, and the tranquility of the pond are vivid and evocative, transporting the reader to Walden Pond and immersing them in Thoreau's world. Beyond his observations of nature, Thoreau also delves into the human condition and society at large. He critiques the materialism and consumerism of his time, arguing that true happiness and fulfillment come not from accumulating possessions, but from living a life of simplicity and self-sufficiency. He encourages the reader to question the values and beliefs of their society and to live a life true to their own values and convictions. Thoreau's message is as relevant today as it was in the 19th century. In our modern world, where we are constantly bombarded with advertisements and societal pressures to conform, Thoreau's call to live a simpler, more authentic life is more important than ever. "Walden" is a book that challenges us to think deeply about our own lives and values, and to find our own path in a world that often seems to have lost its way. In conclusion, "Walden" is a book that should be read by everyone at least once in their lifetime. Thoreau's writing is both beautiful and thought-provoking, and his insights into nature, society, and the human condition are timeless. This book is a reminder that true happiness and fulfillment come not from material possessions, but from living a life of simplicity, self-sufficiency, and authenticity. Highly recommended.

★★★★★

1845年3月底,Henry David Thoreau來到家鄉瓦爾登湖附近的一處叢林,蓋起了一間小木屋,開始了長達兩年多的一次著名的社會實驗。他認爲,當時很多人在物質生活的重壓下,生活無望也無趣。 在《瓦爾湖》第一章中,他就提出了他的觀點:The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation-大多數人都過着不爲人知的絕望生活。 他想要知道,如果脫離社會規則,人們是否能夠不但生存下去而且還能獲得一定的精神自由?他在瓦爾登湖種豆子、捕魚、打獵、採集堅果,過上自給自足的生活。他在自然中獲得了極大的寧靜。與自然相處、在湖邊勞作的同時,他也在與自己的內心對話。他把日常勞作變成了一門藝術,並且從中獲得了極大的樂趣。 他的實驗結果表明,人如果能夠對日常生活中的很多所謂“必需品”做減法、從對世俗成功的追求、對物質生活的追求和很多不必要的社交需求中解脫出來的話,可以活得更加通透、也更加自由。 來欣賞一些《Walden》裏的閃閃發光、觸動人心的句子吧: 瓦爾登湖是Concord王冠上最閃亮的那顆寶石: It is a gem of the first water which Concord wears in her coronet 嚴寒從地底下冒出來,就像剛從冬眠中甦醒的四足動物一樣: The frost comes out of the ground like a dormant quadruped from its burrow. 青草像春之火焰一樣席捲、燃燒在山坡之上: The grass flames up on the hillsides like spring fire. 孔子曰: 知之爲知之,不知爲不知,是知也. Confucius said: to know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge 大多數人過着不爲人知的絕望生活: The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation 衣服只不過是我們最外層的表皮,是凡人的身外之物: Clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil 靈魂所需要的必需品 一樣也不需要錢去購買: Money is not required to buy one necessary of the soul 我們爲何要如此急切地追逐成功和所謂的偉大事業?若有人步伐不同,也許他是聽到了不同的鼓聲,那就讓他聽從內心的節奏,無論其有多緩慢,或者距離有多遙遠: Why should we be in such desperate haste to succeed, and in such desperate enterprises? If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music he hears, however measured or far away 除了你自己選定的道路,其他都是命運的安排。所以,堅定地走自己的路吧 Every path but your own is a path of fate. Keep on your own track, then 我的生活本身便成爲了我的樂趣,永遠充滿新意。那是一部情節紛繁,永無止境的戲劇: My life itself has become my amusement and never ceased to be novel. It was a drama of many scenes and without an end 可以這樣說,我擁有自己的日月星辰,屬於自己的一片小天地,遺世獨立,遠離塵囂: I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars and little world all to myself 這些令我們困擾、疑惑、迷茫的相同問題,歷代智者都曾遇到過: These same questions that disturb and puzzle and confound us have in turn occurred to all the wise men 當他們的家園被砍倒的時候,你怎麼能期望鳥兒歌唱? How can you expect the birds to sing when their groves are cut down? 令我們睜不開眼的光芒,就是黑暗。只有我們清醒時,黎明纔會破曉而來,破曉遠不止這一次。太陽只不過是一顆星星而已: The light which pulls out of eyes is the darkness to us, only that day dawns to which we are awake. There is more day to dawn, the sun is but a morning star 《論語·泰伯》:“天下有道則見,無道則隱。邦有道,貧且賤焉,恥也;邦無道,富且貴焉,恥也。”孔子說:“如果一個國家以理性原則來治理,那麼貧窮和困苦纔是令人羞恥的事;而如果一個國家不以理性原則來治理,那麼財富和榮譽反而是令人羞恥的。” Confucius said, "If a state is governed by the principles of reason, poverty and misery are subjects of shame; if a state is not governed by the principles of reason, riches and honors are the subjects of shame."

★★★★☆

If you live in Walden like Thorea, what will you do? Can you live a life like Thorea? Can we isolate ourselves from the society? What life do we really want? Is a simple life the ideal one for us? If everyone lives like Thorea, what will the world be like? Are we not social beings? Do we need a government ? What kind of government is the best? Can we find serenity and peacefulness in a maddening society? Can serenity offer cures to the empty souls?

書籍信息

作者H.D.梭羅
出版社遼寧人民出版社
出版時間2013-10-01
ISBN9787205078041
分類文學-外國文學
格式EPUB
完結狀態連載中
章節數21